Atomic Weapons and American Policy

The article "Atomic Weapons and American Policy" by J. Robert Oppenheimer, published in Foreign Affairs in July 1953, discusses the implications of nuclear weapons for U.S. policy and the international landscape. Oppenheimer reflects on the initial perceptions of the atomic bomb as a potential end to large-scale wars and the subsequent realization of its growing threat. He notes the failed efforts to control nuclear technology through friendly, cooperative means, particularly with the Soviet Union, emphasizing the challenge of negotiating with a secretive and hostile government.

Oppenheimer points out the need for less friendly proposals towards the Soviet Union and highlights the difficulties of arms regulation in a politically unsettled world. He describes the U.S. policy of staying ahead in nuclear capabilities as insufficient given the nature of the arms race and the rapid development of nuclear technologies. He estimates the Soviet Union is approximately four years behind the U.S. in nuclear capabilities, but warns that this gap offers little comfort in the long term.

The article examines the incorporation of atomic weapons in military strategy, including their role in European defense and the complexities of defending against nuclear attacks. Oppenheimer calls for greater transparency and candor in the U.S. government's communication about nuclear matters, both to its own citizens and to allies. He argues that secrecy hampers effective policy-making and public understanding.

The author suggests three reforms to improve the situation: candid communication about nuclear capabilities and policies, collaboration with allies in nuclear strategy, and measures to mitigate the dangers of nuclear weapons. He emphasizes the importance of defense measures and the potential role of armaments regulation in achieving political stability.

In conclusion, Oppenheimer stresses the urgent need for wisdom and resourcefulness in handling the nuclear threat, as the stakes involve the survival of civilizations. He advocates for proactive and informed approaches to ensure that nuclear weapons do not lead to catastrophic conflict.

The article can be accessed at: https://www.proquest.com/docview/198239227?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals