THE YUGOSLAV ATOMIC ENERGY PROGRAM

The Yugoslav atomic energy program focuses on basic nuclear research, the use of radioactive isotopes, and potential nuclear propulsion for ships. The country has existing organizations and facilities that can be expanded as needed. Initially interested in nuclear electric power, Yugoslavia now sees it as economically unfeasible due to its abundant hydro-electric power resources. The country currently lacks the capability to produce nuclear weapons and is committed to peaceful atomic energy applications.

Yugoslavia relies on external aid for its atomic energy program, receiving support from both the USSR and Western nations. While it may continue seeking aid from multiple countries, its program would not be significantly impacted by relying on a single country.

The program includes three operational nuclear research institutes equipped with cyclotrons, accelerators, generators, a reactor, and necessary equipment for basic nuclear research. Radioactive isotopes are imported and used in limited applications. The soon-to-be-operational research reactor will enable the production of a wide range of isotopes for industry, medicine, and agriculture. Centers for isotope control and distribution are being established throughout Yugoslavia.

Yugoslavia initiated studies on nuclear propulsion, involving shipbuilding firms, industries, and research institutes. However, no plans for nuclear power plant construction have been made. With abundant untapped hydro-electric resources, Yugoslavia recognizes the economic advantages of developing hydro-electric power over nuclear power plants.

Yugoslavia currently lacks the necessary facilities for weapons-grade nuclear material production. While provisions have been made for a plutonium separation plant, no progress has been made in obtaining technical information and equipment from the USSR for full-scale plutonium processing. The irradiated fuel from the research reactor is likely to be returned to the USSR, which will retain the plutonium.

The Yugoslav atomic energy program has received hardware support from the USSR and training and isotopes from the West. The USSR has offered to train Yugoslav personnel, and the United States has offered a research bilateral agreement.